With the help of large-sized planting, any land in a short time can be turned into a beautiful garden. Gone are the days when you had to plant seedlings and wait half their life until they turn into mature trees with lush crowns. Now, at any time of the year, you can plant a plot with large-sized trees - trees whose height reaches four or more meters. A mechanized technology for replanting large-sized plants has been developed, which allows adult trees to take root in the new place with the least losses. The use of such specialized planting and digging equipment greatly facilitates the process of landscaping the site. Trees are transported from the nursery together with a lump of land, in which it is possible to keep most of the root system intact.
Previously, this operation was carried out only in the winter, because the frozen earthen ball was easier to transport to the destination in its original form. At present, large-sized plants are planted year-round, as experts have come up with ways to deliver trees with a solid lump of land to the object. In addition, in the warm season, owners of suburban areas can immediately recognize the species of the brought specimen, as well as appreciate the splendor of its crown and the beauty of the color of the leaves.
Landing of large-sized plants is carried out by landscape companies (studios), since these landscaping works require the availability of special equipment, as well as specialists with knowledge in the field of biology and ecology.
The most popular trees for landscaping
In the landscaping of private suburban areas, both deciduous and coniferous large-sized trees are used. Among deciduous trees, the following species are especially popular in landscape gardening:
- red and pedunculated oak;
- linden heart-shaped and small-leaved;
- mountain ash;
- acutifolia maple;
- the elm is smooth and rough;
- ash;
- Weeping and fluffy birch.
Among conifers, spruce, pine (cedar and ordinary), as well as larch (European and Siberian) are in high demand. All of these trees grow on Russian territory. The exclusive species include Japanese larch, gray and Manchurian walnut, Amur velvet. These trees are perfectly adapted to the conditions characteristic of central Russia. Fruit large-sized plants should be distinguished into a separate category. This includes different varieties of apple trees, pears, plums, cherries, apricots and other fruit trees.
Planting material is acquired not only in Russian nurseries, but also in foreign ones. Most often, large-sized ones are brought from the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Naturally, imported planting material is more expensive for the customer. However, the costs incurred are paid off due to the better survival of imported trees that have strong immunity and a compact, specially formed for transplantation, root system. In addition, European large-sized artists are ahead of domestic specimens in terms of decorative qualities. Most often, the following introduced trees are used in landscaping suburban areas:
- one-color fir;
- European linden;
- Jacqueman's birch;
- mountain ash Thuringian and intermediate;
- Korean cedar pine;
- Weimutov and Rumelian pine;
- Tsuga Canadian;
- several types of maples.
Greening the countryside with evergreen coniferous trees allows not only to decorate the territory, but also to fill the air with the amazing and useful aroma of pine needles
How to dig out planting material?
Krupnomer dug up with extreme caution, trying not to cause damage to the root system and lower branches of the tree. To do this, the branches located at the bottom are tied up before starting to dig in the tree. If a tree plant selected for transplantation has diseased, broken, or dry branches, then they are in no hurry to prune them. These branches act as a kind of buffer for reliable protection of the crown of an adult tree during transportation. Remove damaged branches after the tree is fixed in the planting pit.
Determine the optimal size of an earthen coma
The diameter of the earthen coma of a round shape is calculated based on the diameter of the stem (a section of a tree trunk located at a distance of one meter from its root neck). The diameter of the earth coma should be 10-12 times the diameter of the stem. The exact data accepted in the international community can be found in the table, which also shows the height of the coma of the earth. The dimensions of an earthen coma of a cubic shape during transplantation of adult trees vary in the range: length, width - from 1 m to 2.5 m; height - from 0.7 m to 1 m. Trees of small height can be dug manually. At the same time, it is recommended to slightly increase the standard dimensions of the earthen coma.
Digging depth is determined by the type of tree. In this case, the features of the development of the root system of the large-sized plant and the conditions for its growth are necessarily taken into account. When digging up spruce growing on moist soils, the diameter of the earthen coma is 1.5 m and the height is 0.4 m. It is necessary to dig much deeper on light loamy soils. When digging up oak, the height of the earth lump should be from 1 m to 1.2 m. It is best to take planting material growing on medium and heavy loamy soils. An earthen lump in a dug large-sized plant on these types of soil is dense and very stable. It is also important that through the small capillaries of a loamy earthy coma water is freely drawn from the surrounding soil to the roots of a large-sized tree located in the planting pit.
A hydraulic jack helps to tear off the earthen lump from the underlying soil, the load capacity of which should be in the range of 15-20 tons.
Earthball Pack
An earthen lump with a coarse grain, extracted from the mother soil, is packed in a special metal basket-container. In this container, a low tree is transported to the place of a new deployment. Upon arrival at the facility, the basket with the tree is lowered using special equipment into the prepared landing pit. Then the detachable container is pulled to the surface, and the tree remains at the landing site.
Large sized clods of earth are packed in metal nets or in burlap. These materials allow the root system of an adult tree to remain in the parent soil during transport. In winter, dug trees can also be transported without packing an earthen coma. It is only necessary to give a few days (from 1 to 10) to the extracted soil for freezing. The number of days depends on the size of the earthen coma and the ambient temperature. In a frozen state, a lump of land together with a tree is delivered to the object in complete safety.
Large transportation requirements
For loading and transportation of large trees, the following types of special equipment may be needed:
- truck cranes;
- all-terrain vehicles equipped with powerful hydraulic manipulators;
- flatbed trucks;
- tractor-based tree transplants;
- skid steer loaders;
- wheel bucket wheel loaders, etc.
Steel and textile slings, couplers, carbines and other devices are used to capture and fasten large-sized ones. When carrying out work on the mooring (fixing) of a large tree on a vehicle, they try not to damage its bark. This is only possible if the large-sized moor for the earthen lump or for the packaging used. The trunk of a tree placed along the truck body is supported by special wooden gaskets. This technique allows you to save the crown of the tree.
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Eight-meter trees with this method of delivery rise above the road, which complicates their transportation under bridges, power lines, under the arches of tunnels. Therefore, when selecting planting material, they try to bypass too tall trees (more than 10-12 m), since their transportation is difficult and financially expensive. It requires not only powerful special equipment for the extraction of large-sized, but also a long machine for its transportation. In addition, the delivery of such bulky goods is impossible without the escort of the traffic police.
Choose the time for transporting planting material in the winter, taking into account the weather forecast. It is forbidden to transport trees at temperatures below minus 18 degrees, since under such conditions their branches become brittle and break.
Technology for the proper planting of large-sized
To plant mature trees on a site, it is necessary, first of all, to clear a site for carrying out these works. Then, in accordance with the dendroplan, dig holes for planting large-sized plants. Pits are prepared in advance or immediately before lowering brought trees into them. In the latter case, pits of the required size are dug using special equipment. If necessary, soil compaction is carried out with the help of imported land in the places of tree planting. After installing a large-sized machine in the landing pit, the earth is filled with lump to the level of the soil surface.
Landing at the site of the large-sized, brought from the nursery, is carried out in a pit, the dimensions of which should correspond to the excavated land
In winter, the root neck of the tree should be slightly above this line. In the spring, the soil thaws, settles, and the root neck will fall into place. The last stage involves the installation of rope holders that will ensure the balance of the tree during its rooting in a new place.
When placing conifer in a planting pit, it is recommended to observe the orientation to the cardinal points. This means that the branches oriented to the north at the former place of growth of the large-sized plant should be located in the same position on the new site.
Strengthening the planted tree with stretch marks made of ropes is carried out in order to ensure a stable position of the large-sized tree during its rooting in a new place
Basic Transplant Care Rules
The organization of proper care for the transplanted large-sized plant allows to ensure its survival on the land, as well as accelerate the beginning of growth and development of the tree.
One of the main steps in caring for transplanted large-sized plants is the processing of their trunks and crowns with pesticides that prevent the propagation of pests and the development of diseases in surviving trees
Specialists serving transplanted trees produce:
- watering under the root;
- pruning and sprinkling of the crown;
- the introduction of root and foliar top dressing;
- root zone aeration;
- improvement of soil mechanical composition;
- deoxidation of the soil;
- loosening of the soil and its mulching, both superficial and deep;
- alignment of the anchored tree in spring;
- treatment of trunks with special means that protect trees from pests and diseases.
With the help of adult trees, you can create any composition on the site. It is enough for professionals to “wave a magic wand” so that a forest grows in the wasteland, a grove appears, smooth avenues line up, the tops of coniferous trees soar upward. The result will not be long in coming if you entrust the planting of large-sized companies to specialized companies known in the market for landscaping and landscaping services for suburban areas.
