Irises are not only beautiful plants that are well suited for decorating gardens and parks. These flowers are distributed almost throughout the world, almost every species of them includes hundreds of different varieties. It is this and the relatively uncomplicated care of plants that appeal to many gardeners.
Iris Swamp
The description says that this plant is characterized by unpretentiousness in care and high resistance to adverse climatic conditions.
The flower has several names: swamp, pseudoair (in Latin "Iris Pseudacorus") or yellow iris. Growing this plant does not require complicated care. This plant is found not only in gardens and parks, but also in the wild.
Swamp iris by the pond
Marsh iris usually grows on the banks of water bodies. It can also be found in the floodplains of the rivers. Adult plants grow to a height of 60 cm to 2 m.
For your information! The seeds of this plant are spread by water. They have an air cavity inside. And, getting to the surface of the reservoir, they swim for a long time before they can take root in a new place. Waterfowl also carry seeds.
The buds of the false-iris iris are yellow corollas. At the lower petals you can see a strong bend. Up to 15 flowers bloom on one bush.
The sheet plate is elongated and yellow to the touch.
Iris Swamp
Marsh iris in landscape design
Iris Pseudacorus will revive any body of water. Such a plant can be used for design not only near a pond, but in compositions involving trees and shrubs.
This flower can be used to create hedges. In flower beds, it goes well with various perennial plants. The plant looks spectacular in those cases when planted as a separate group.
Varieties of swamp iris
Based on this species in the second half of the 20th century. began to actively display new varieties of marsh yellow iris. Here are the most famous among them:
- black iris is so named in connection with the color of the flower. He is known for his unpretentious care;
- the Dyble pagoda has a slight terry inflorescences;
- in Umkirkh, the flowers have a pale yellow color with a slight pink tint;
- Cullen is a natural hybrid of two natural species. Its flowers have a size that is one and a half times larger than that of a wild-growing analogue;
- the variety Holden Know is characterized by its original color: a purple net is visible on the yellow petals. In this case, the top two are completely painted in purple;
- Mtskheta iris was created by Georgian breeders. The buds have a slight yellowness. This variety has poor winter hardiness.
For your information! These flowers grow well not only in the aquatic environment, but also on land.
Landing a swamp iris
This flower grows well where there is a lot of sun. However, the presence of partial shade is also suitable.
Such a plant does not impose any special requirements on the composition of the soil. The best option is heavy land saturated with organic matter. The maximum value of soil acidity for it is 7. The presence of a large amount of moisture is not an obstacle to flower growth.
When propagating, you can use the seed method or vegetative.
Seed box
In the first case, its seeds are taken and placed in moist soil. This can be done in the fall. No special actions are required when landing. Sprouts will appear in the spring. When using this method, the flower will begin to bloom no earlier than after 3-4 years.
To apply the vegetative method of propagation, it will be necessary to cut off the process from the root and plant it in a new place. This can be done at any time during the spring-autumn period. However, maximum germination can be achieved if the plant is planted in this way in early spring.
When conducting this procedure, the following rules must be observed:
- it is impossible to separate the root during the period when flowering occurs;
- stems, leaves and buds should be on the detachable part of the root.
Before boarding a new place, they cut off everything except the 20-centimeter section of the stem.
Care
This plant is virtually maintenance free. It is very tenacious and without any loss tolerates drought and high humidity. Water can spread its seeds everywhere.
Marsh Iris Seeds
It is only necessary to occasionally make potash and phosphorus fertilizers.
The plant is prone to gladiolus thrips. In this case, the leaves are affected. There are known cases of attack by a sawfly false caterpillar. If you are affected by diseases or insect pests, you need to remove the damaged parts of the iris and spray with specialized drugs.
Important! Every 5-7 years, it is recommended to separate and plant these plants.
Bearded iris
Its appearance is similar to most other varieties of this plant. The flower got its name due to the presence of a small number of bristles in the upper part of the outer petals.
Bearded Irises
This plant is a hybrid. On its basis, a large number of varieties were bred, and breeding work is actively continuing to this day. This species has a wide variety of colors similar to the Dutch iris.
Note! Bushes can have different heights: dwarf varieties grow up to 5 cm, and tall - more than 0.7 m. Flowering occurs from mid-June to early July. There are a large number of varieties of different sizes and colors.
Petals are divided into internal and external. The former are directed upward, while the latter are beautifully falling down. At the top of the outer petals is a small bristly beard. At the pestle, you can see three lobes and an ridge under the neck. Stamens are hidden under the pestle and inner petals.
Varieties of bearded iris
In tall varieties, the height exceeds 70 cm. The size of the flower can reach 15-20 cm. Medium-sized ones have a height of 41 to 70 cm. The most famous varieties are:
- the eateries have a branched thin peduncle with 8-centimeter flowers. They are often used to make bouquets in vases, which influenced the origin of the name;
- curbs resemble tall ones in appearance, but have proportionally smaller buds. Can be any color, including burgundy;
- Iris Kopatonik has orange flowers;
- Intermedia has a flower size of 10-12 cm. They are always characterized by abundant flowering, which begins in early June;
- iris si si has purple or yellow flowers;
- Nordica is one of the varieties of white irises. They have white petals with a small orange beard.
Dwarf standard bearded species reach a height of 21-40 cm. The smallest varieties are miniature bearded dwarfs. Their height is from 5 to 20 cm.
Landing
This plant prefers neutral or slightly alkaline earth. It must be moisture permeable. Clay and acidic soil will not suit the bearded iris. If they need to be planted on heavy soil, it is recommended to add sand to it.
Note! Iris Delicia really needs plenty of sunshine. If it is planted in the shade, then under such conditions it will not grow.
The best time to propagate and plant these plants is the time after flowering has ended. During this period, active root growth occurs. They can be seen on the surface of the soil in the form of light green small tubercles. As they grow, they become fragile and easily break off. Until this happens, it is possible to produce reproduction by dividing the roots. This can also be done later, during the fall, when the root system becomes fibrous and stiff.
When planting, make a hole in which the root of the plant should fit freely. A small mound is poured in its center. The plant is placed on it and gently spread the root around. Then pour the required amount of land.
When planting, you need to make sure that the roots are located under the ground and do not stick out. It is important to ensure that they are warmed up by the sun.
Bearded iris care
Planting and care in the open ground for bearded iris is as follows. Watering this plant is basically not needed. The need for it can arise only during a severe drought. However, the bushes need to be weeded periodically and pruned.
Important! It must be remembered that loosening the soil next to this plant should be done with great care. This is due to the fact that the root system is located next to the soil surface and can easily be damaged.
Over time, the outer part of the plant grows, while the inner gradually grows old and dies. Over 3-4 years, an accumulation of dead rhizomes forms in the center. To prevent this, the plant is separated and transplanted.
In August, it is necessary to tear off leaves that have dried.
Dwarf and mid-sized flowers do not need shelter for the winter. However, tall garden varieties are recommended to be covered with fir spruce branches, sawdust, peat or similar material.
It is not recommended to overfeed the plant with nitrogen fertilizers. Top dressing is usually made after flowering. The plant is suitable for the application of ash.
Shelter for the winter
Fertilizers are also applied at the beginning of the growth period in spring (20-30 g of ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride each) and when buds begin to form (the same composition as in the previous version).
Iris japanese
For a long time, little was known about Japanese iris. Currently, the species has more than a thousand varieties.
This type of iris is common in Southeast Asia. Japanese iris can be seen in the wild in Myanmar, China and Japan. It is customary to plant it in such a way that its flowering can be admired from an elevated place.
This variety is characterized by large flowers. Their diameter reaches 15-24 cm. The flower consists of perianth, three external lobes and internal petals. Color can be red, blue, yellow.
The leaves are long and narrow. Their length can reach 60 cm. They are green, and the color range can be from light to dark shades.
Varieties
Here are some common varieties of Japanese iris:
- the height of Vine Raffles reaches 80-120 cm. His flowers have a purple-violet color. The plant is very resistant to disease;
- Kayyun Kapers prefers to grow in sunlit garden areas or parks. Flowers of this variety can have a wide variety of colors;
- Variegata cultivars require well-drained soil to grow.
These varieties grow in mild climates and have poor frost resistance.
Landing
The plant can grow in bright light or in partial shade. The soil may be slightly acidic or neutral.
Important! Irises do not like when the earth has a high calcium content.
Japanese iris care
They feed the flower no more than 2-3 times a year. For this, it is recommended to use complex fertilizers. The plant is well related to the introduction of a 10% mullein solution. This flower does not grow horizontally, but develops vertically. Therefore, it is recommended to use mulching for it.
For wintering, stems are cut off, leaving 10-15 cm. Then, nutritious soil is poured and covered from the cold.
Onion Iris
This species is considered one of the most romantic and beautiful varieties. In appearance, it looks like a tropical butterfly that is about to take off. This impression is enhanced by the colors of red, blue and other colors.
Onion Iris
Bulbous iris is actively used in gardening and in the arrangement of flower beds and flower beds. It blooms from late May to early June. Its flowers can have an orange, purple, blue or white color. On the outer petals, a yellow or orange small spot can be observed in the center.
When flowering ends, the leaves dry. In late August, the plant becomes completely dry.
Bushes grow to 60 cm.
Bulbous iris in the garden
Varieties
Here are the most famous varieties:
- iris Portal has blue inflorescences. Landing is carried out from September to November;
- Katarin Khodkin. In the variety, the upper flowers are lilac, in the lower ones, on a lilac background, violet strokes, and in the central part there is a yellow spot. Plant height does not exceed 15 cm;
- Iris Dunford is a Turkish variety. The buds are bright yellow. Near the perianth there are small green blotches.
In total there are about 800 varieties of onion irises. Their list can be found on the information portals dedicated to floriculture.
Bulbous Iris Planting
To grow this plant, it is necessary to plant its bulb. Before planting, they are treated with fungicides due to the fact that these irises are vulnerable to fungal diseases.
For planting, you need to consider that flowers love good lighting and fertile soil. Before planting the bulbs, it is recommended to add organic fertilizers to the pit.
Important! Planting bulbs is recommended in early autumn.
White onion iris
Care
The plant has frost resistance, but it is advisable to cover it for the winter.
It is necessary to remove weeds manually. This is important so as not to damage the roots.
In the spring add mineral top dressing and carry out loosening. In autumn, it is necessary to remove dried leaves.
Siberian iris
This species has smaller flowers, but there are more flowers on the bush than other species.
In Siberian iris, the height can be from 40 to 160 cm, depending on the variety. They bloom in June and delight the eye with their magnificent appearance for two weeks.
Siberian irises as part of landscape design
Siberian iris landing
Areas suitable for him where abundant sunlight. Providing good drainage is not necessary. Plants easily tolerate conditions when high humidity.
Before planting, it is recommended to dig the ground and make decomposed compost or humus.
Siberian irises
When planting, the depth of the pit for the rhizome should not exceed 5-7 cm. The distance between the holes should be 30-50 cm. After planting, you need to water the iris well and mulch the soil.
Siberian iris
Siberian iris care
Propagate by dividing the roots, this species is recommended in mid-August.
For spring top dressing, it is recommended to use complex fertilizer.
Siberian iris flower
It is recommended to do watering rarely, but it should be plentiful. It is important that moisture enters the entire depth of the roots.
Dwarf iris
Varieties of this type of irises differ in miniature size.
The main feature of such varietal irises is their small size. However, this makes it possible for their additional application: they are suitable not only for landscape design (in flowerbeds or as a border design), but also for growing in pots.
On one peduncle, usually 2-3 flowers are formed. In appearance, dwarf plants are a reduced copy of high and medium-sized varieties. However, these plants are more unpretentious to care for and hardy in difficult conditions.
Dwarf Iris Cry Baby
Varieties
Some of the most common varieties of dwarf irises:
- Wink has white flowers. The inner part of the bud is snow-white, the outer petals are bluish in color. The height of an adult plant is 23 cm;
- Cry Baby is a type of blue iris. It has delicate bluish flowers. During flowering, the petals almost whiten completely.The height of this xiphoid iris is 28 cm;
- grassy iris has beautiful red-violet buds;
- Puppet. Petals of lavender color. Three flower buds measuring 5 × 9 cm grow on one peduncle;
- mesh iris. Petals have a complex multicolor color.
Landing a Dwarf Iris
For planting, it is necessary that the soil is loose, it passes air and water well. If the earth is too dense, you need to mix it with sand. Acidic soil is undesirable. In this case, alkaline substances must be added. For this, for example, lime or ash can be used.
A plant needs good drainage, which can prevent waterlogging of the soil.
You can plant these plants in open ground from the beginning of April until the last days of August. Before planting, the earth is dug up and fed with potash, phosphorus, nitrogen fertilizers.
Note! After planting, it is necessary to mulch the soil, but the use of natural materials should be avoided.
Care
The cultivation of such irises does not have significant differences for dwarf and ordinary varieties. At the beginning of spring, nitrogen-potassium top dressing is introduced. Three weeks later, phosphate and potassium fertilizers are added to the soil. During flowering, complex mineral fertilizer is used.
During the season, it is necessary to prune wilted buds and dried leaves.
A variety of species and varieties allows gardeners to choose the flower that best suits their tastes and design needs. Any iris is able to decorate the adjacent territory, despite the fact that flowering does not last long.
