Irises are a bright decoration of many flower beds. Among gardeners, they are in demand and popular. In total, there are more than 800 species. Therefore, the choice is difficult. The most common varieties are Japanese and bearded. Irises are bush plants. Mostly easy to care for. In cultivation, the main thing is to timely prune after flowering and transplant. Most often, flowers undergo several types of processing. What should be done after flowering culture? How to care in the future? More details below in the article.
Irises are incredibly beautiful flowers. They adorn flower beds, but at the same time require flowering after flowering. For example, flowers and stems should be removed. However, you should be careful about pruning foliage so as not to harm the roots.
Irises
Removing individual flowers, stems and foliage
During spring and summer, irises should be pruned. To remove dried parts of plants, it is recommended to use special garden tools. For example, pruning shears or scissors with sharp blades. Due to low-quality pruning, the plant can be severely damaged.
So, to remove wilted flowers, you need to trim the peduncles. More specifically: cut the receptacle and the bud. At the same time, stepping back 2 cm from the selected bud. When the stem has completely faded, it should be cut at a two-centimeter height from the ground. Bushes for dried flowers should be checked once a week. This is quite enough.
Important! Unbroken buds cannot be cut.
Next comes up the question of leaf removal. They should not be removed. They accumulate and conduct nutrients, as well as solar energy to the roots. This will be especially useful in the winter season. In particular, the leaves contribute to the gardening of flower beds, play the role of decoration. The exception is yellow and dried parts. You need to get rid of them.
As you know, many breed irises by dividing rhizomes. This is not the only way. Seedling is no less popular. When the flowering is complete, you need to select one bud and wait. For ripening, time is important.
Seeds
Seed collection and germination
After some time, maturation is completed. Next, you should not overlook the process of opening the ovule. Pick up the seeds. Otherwise, the plant will dump them on its own.
Note! Most often, iris, which is grown from seeds, does not have all the parental characteristics. Therefore, it is possible that the color of the petals will be different.
The main rule when germinating seeds is maintaining the temperature. It should be roomy. The place where the future sprouts are located is dry. Before sowing, it is better to keep the seeds in the cold, and then soak for two days in water.
Flowers such as irises require care after flowering. With its constant observance, flowerbeds will definitely please the eye. One of the most popular questions is the process of trimming irises. If necessary? How often? How right? When?
Do I need to trim faded irises
Irises have faded, what to do next with them, in reality few people know.
After all, this is a common question tormenting gardeners. The answer is simple: you need to trim the plant. The reason for this is the maturation of seeds, which soon begin to crumble. The process is called self-seeding. If this phenomenon is not controlled, then the plot will quickly fade with colors. Then all beauty will lose its meaning.
Important! It is also recommended to cut dry and dull buds. They simply spoil the aesthetic appearance of the flowerbed. In addition, they consume a significant amount of energy.
Iris leaves are an important part of the plant. They store a lot of minerals. In addition, they serve as a conductive fabric. So, for example, solar energy and oxygen enter the plant. Therefore, experts do not recommend cutting them in the summer. Without them, the flower will suffer and possibly freeze. The best period for pruning is autumn, a few weeks before frosts.
Iris leaf pruning
When and how to prune irises in autumn
Of course, you also need to know when to cut irises.
The first step is to determine what autumn the region has in a particular year. The cutting time depends on this. More often the process falls in the middle - the end of October.
This is a measure that a plant needs, because if not done, insects or pests will lay larvae and eggs. Then in the spring the flower bed will be in poor condition. Trimming leaves is advised in the form of a cone so that water does not accumulate. Otherwise, the appearance of mold, for example, the common bloom - a type of mold, expressed by a pale green bloom.
Some varieties recommend pruning in different ways. Depends on the conditions in which the plant is located and special requirements. That is why many are interested in when to cut irises of various species after flowering.
- Exotic. Removing foliage halfway from all growth. Preferred in August.
- Bulbous. It is necessary to completely remove the leaves.
- Rhizome. Trimming only when necessary, for example, yellow and dry parts.
Irises respond well to fertilizers. After their introduction, they bloom more beautifully and splendidly. The risk of disease is reduced. In this case, it is important to correctly select organic and inorganic substances. For example, these plants respond positively to potash fertilizers, as well as phosphorus fertilizers. It is important to feed the flower beds in time. For a year it is worth making 3 top dressings: 2 in the spring and 1 in the fall.
Important! All fertilizers are applied before the start of frosts.
Types of fertilizers for lush flowering irises next year
Further, what types of fertilizers should be introduced to irises, depending on the season, about their measure and need.
Autumn fertilizer
They are brought in three weeks after flowering. In this case, the flower is already in a state of hibernation. Then there is a growth of young roots, therefore top dressing during this period is necessary.
Fertilizer irises
In early September, flower beds are fertilized with potassium-phosphorus composition. Be sure to observe a ratio of 3: 2. Other top dressings are also needed: potassium salt, superphosphate, organic additives. For 1 m², 55 g of superphosphate and 25 g of salt are required. It is important not to forget about the proportions, to observe them.
Note! It is strictly forbidden to feed irises with fresh manure, as this will provoke the appearance of fungus, other dangerous bacteria and diseases, as a result of which the flower will definitely not receive the necessary substances. In extreme cases, humus is suitable. It will have a positive effect on the culture. It must first be diluted with water. Proportion: 1 kg of manure per 10 liters of water.
The above fertilizers will not save from pests. In this situation, it is enough just to spray the flower beds with Bordeaux liquid. So they will be protected until the coming of spring.
Important! Careful use of fertilizers will help to avoid the sad consequences, including damage by viruses, insects and bacteria.
Spring fertilizer
In the spring, active growth occurs. To accelerate and maintain it is worth introducing fertilizer.
The very first feeding occurs immediately after winter after the snow has melted. It is necessary to include the same potassium-phosphorus as well as nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen supplements are especially needed in the early period. However, they are recommended to be administered no later than July. Their need is for the plant to grow stronger, gain strength, and slowly prepare for reproduction. But here the proportions vary slightly and make up 2: 3: 2.5. The main thing is not to overfeed the flower beds, otherwise the period of deposition of mineral substances will come - fatliquoring. For flowers, this is fraught with consequences.
For your information! Phosphate fertilizers have a place to be if the soil is sufficiently well warmed up. Otherwise, this will lead to the deposition of substances, and in the future - to poison the soil and grass.
For special protection against insects and other dangerous pests, gardeners recommend filling the soil with wood ash. Consumption is 2 tbsp. spoons on a flower.
Iris rhizomes
For these plants, proper seating and division is important. But for what purpose is a transplant required? These flowers can calmly grow in one place for 4-5 years. Then the roots grow so much that it becomes crowded in the soil. The flower beds begin to fade, almost not blooming. There is a sharp lack of mineral and nutrients. Of course, there are plants that can grow up to 10 years in one place. These include Siberian irises. But still, the majority is not adapted to such conditions, therefore, transplantation plays an important role in the iris.
Transplant of irises in the fall
One of the fastest ways is to transplant with a lump of land, but there are some nuances here. Such operations will take place only with young flowers, since their roots have not yet had time to grow.
For your information! But with large plants this trick will not work, you can simply damage the roots when digging. In order not to encounter such a problem, it is recommended to evaluate the root system in advance.
Step-by-step root transplantation:
- Dig out the bush completely, while doing it as carefully as possible without damaging the root system.
- Clear the roots of the bush from the ground. Then slowly divide it into large pieces.
- Using special sharp tools to further separate the roots (up to one or two fused links).
- Too old or rotten parts of the rhizome must be cut off.
- Thoroughly peel the black roots (as a last resort cut off).
- Hold the final parts of the bush in fungicide. This solution is able to disfigure the surface from diseases.
- Cut the leaves (to a height of 15 cm). Preferably in the form of a fan.
- Transplant the plant into the soil.
Irises in the fall
That is not all. Gardeners recommend getting acquainted with the features of root planting:
- Dry the treated roots. Noteworthy a few days before landing.
- You can transplant this culture immediately after flowering. It does not depend on the time of year. This is mainly summer and the first month of autumn. At this point, the roots are usually already strengthening.
Most of all, flowers such as irises are suitable for soil containing a little clay and sand (loam). Clay perfectly moisturizes the composition, and sand facilitates and adds friability. To add lightness, adding peat is also suitable.
But as for the location, it is recommended to land on a well-lit and warm side. Irises do not like shade.
Important! Irises will feel great in the garden, on the site, but here they will not take root in the city house. Too different conditions.
When disembarking, a site should be prepared. Irises must be planted on a small elevation. They can not be planted in pits. The rhizome edge should protrude 5 mm. They do this so that it is thoroughly warmed up and does not rot. This is the key to healthy kidneys in the future.
Preparation for planting iris in the open ground
After reading the above, it becomes clear that most often irises are transplanted in late summer. How to prepare the future soil and the flower itself?
The flower should be pruned carefully. As mentioned, once a week.
Important! A month before the transplant, it is necessary to stop feeding.
Fertilizers should be slowly introduced into the soil. For example, ash (2 glasses), a bucket of humus, superphosphate (about half a glass) and a bucket of sand. Next, dig everything up. Water periodically. Such soil will serve as an excellent basis for a new flower bed of irises.
Soil for iris
Preparation of pits for irises
Need to dig a hole. The hole should be free, slightly larger than the rhizome. After pouring a little sand on the bottom. Place the plant inside. Carefully spread the roots.
Between the bushes you need to observe the distance. It should be at least 30 cm. Ideally, 50 cm. Thus, the flowers will definitely not interfere with each other. Then the flowerbed should be slightly raised. After all, irises are advised to grow on the knolls.
It is necessary to dig a bed 80 cm wide. It is also allowed to dig a few, but observe the distance between them. Next, take a rake and make a long slide with a small hollow in the middle. Then pour water, let stand and soak.
Next, you need to count on the time that the flowers will spend in the crests. If it is 1-2 years, you can leave a space between plants of 20-25 cm. If you plan a longer period of time, the distance increases. Since irises will need a large area with the growth of roots.
Landing patterns
Now there are many landing schemes. Here are only the most suitable for irises. Be sure to take into account the features of their structure, not forgetting that their growth occurs in breadth.
- "Chess". The meaning of the seating is that you need to plant flowers alternately, maintaining a minimum distance of 40-50 cm.
- "After". The main feature is that all the flowers are planted in one direction, forming a beautiful pattern with leaves. The distance is 30-45 cm.
- "In a circle". Plants are planted around. The required distance is only 30 cm (in diameter).
With proper care and attention, irises can make an extraordinary composition in the flowerbed. They look bright and easy.
Note! With the right pattern, planting blends beautifully with poppies, lilies, peonies and ornamental shrubs. Cottage will undoubtedly be transformed in their presence.
For this procedure, you need to dig a shallow hole. Pour a handful of sand. It is needed to maintain the lightness of the soil. Then put the plant vertically, sprinkling it with earth. After a little watering. Over the next two weeks, water once every four days. The process of decay should not be allowed due to excess moisture.
After replanting every 5 years. Fertilize three times a year.
Planted plants should be spudded with a layer of peat or ordinary earth. This should be done only at a stable temperature of 4-5 ° C degrees before the first frost. In especially cold conditions or snowless winters, there is a need to cover the flower beds. For example, dry spruce branches or leaves are suitable.
The main thing is to open access to fresh air in the spring after the snow melts, when the plants enter the active phase of growth.
Thus, this culture is not whimsical, does not require special care. However, in order for the flowerbed to become only more magnificent, some rules should be observed. Then the flowers will delight the gardener's eye again and again.
